National Gallery of Victoria Essays

National Gallery of Victoria Essays National Gallery of Victoria Essay National Gallery of Victoria Essay The National Gallery of Victoria Name: Institution: Table of Contents Topic Page 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Operational Description 3 1.2 Opening Hours and Facilities 3 Classification of Attraction 3 1.3 Significance 4 1.4 Model 4 1.5 Research Questions 4 1.6 Hypothesis 4 2.1 Artwork in the National Gallery of Victoria 4 2.2 Cultural Tourism in Australia 5 2.3 Motivations for Tourists in Cultural Tourism 6 2.4 Art Promotion in NGV 6 3.0 Conclusion 6 The National Gallery of Victoria Introduction Aim This paper aims to analyze the National Gallery of Victoria and its contribution to the growth of cultural tourism in Australia. The research will examine the current growth in cultural tourism, the motivations of cultural tourists and the efforts of the National Gallery to not only promote indigenous but also contemporary art. Operational Description The National Gallery of Victoria has two branches. The first branch is NGV International that is located in Southbank along St Kilda road. The second branch is the Ian Potter centre at the federation square. The two galleries are just several miles apart within Melbourne. The NGV primarily depends on donated funds from wealthy citizens as well as donated pieces of art. The management of the National Gallery of Victoria consists of an executive management team and a council of trustees (â€Å"People Projects† 2013). The executive management is made up of three directors. Tony Ellwood is the director assisted by Andrew Clark. The third person in the executive management is the Assistant director Dr. Isobel Crombie. The council of Trustees is made up of eight people who assist in the running of the NGV. It also relies on several corporate sponsors and partners including Mercedes Benz, Macquarie, Ernst Young, Qantas, Sofitel luxury hotels among others. Opening Hours and Facilities NGV international is open to the public every day except Tuesday from 10am to 5pm. It is also open on all public holidays except Christmas and Good Friday. On ANZAC day, it opens at 1pm. Other facilities in the museum also have opening and closing hours. The NGV shop and the gallery kitchen are open from 10am to 5pm except on Tuesdays. No facility within the museum is open on Tuesday. The Tearoom and the members lounge each open from 10am to 4:30pm. The Persimmon opens from 11am to 4pm. The Ian Potter Centre is closed on all Mondays and no facilities within operate during that day. The opening hours fro the Ian Potter Centre are 10am to 5pm and like the NGV international is closed on Christmas Day and Good Friday and opens at 1pm on ANZAC Day. The NGV shops in the centre however is the only facility that opens daily from 10am to 5pm. The crossbar cafe and the members lounge are closed on Monday. The Persimmon is a dining area where visitors can order and take lunch. Visitors take tea , cakes and other light food in the tearoom. The Gallery kitchen at NGV provides visitors with the opportunity to grab a casual lunch. The crossbar cafe at the Ian Potter offers visitors with an area to take a break and enjoy light snacks. Classification of Attraction The National Gallery of Victoria is classified as an art and culture museum (NGV). The museum can be categorized among the heritage and to a minimal extent the creative tourism categories. The NGV can be related to the aboriginal-European contact eras since it holds far much more art pieces about the history and culture of the aborigines than any other museum. The Ian Potter centre especially, holds a lot of artwork on indigenous Australian culture hence its relevance to this period. The NGV is both a visitor attraction and a tourist attraction. Using Gunn’s model the nucleus of the NGV is the International museum building. The stained glass ceiling and the water wall entrance give the visitor a cultural and unique feeling. The inviolate belt is the surrounding grounds, the Grimwade gardens that give the exterior of the museum a unique ancient look. The zone of closure is the Melbourne arts precinct that offers a wide array of art related facilities. St Kilda Road also assists in accessibility. The Federation square parking lot offers ample parking space for visitors. The visitor experience is great. NGV staff politely guide and direct visitors and their issues are attended to promptly. NGV staffs are trained to communicate with visitors using different languages. Tours can be organized in different languages with provision for audio-described tours. Visitors can communicate with the administration through the phone or via email in case of any issue. Significance During recent times, there has been a growing interest in native Australian and aboriginal art. Tourists have been streaming into Australia not only to sample its fascinating scenery but also to learn about the diverse and rich culture and tradition of the Australian people. The National Gallery of Victoria has been one of the major destinations for tourists wanting to learn more about Australian culture. Finding out about the gallery’s contribution to the growth and appreciation of art will create awareness on the part of both stakeholders and the authorities on the importance of sustaining and maintaining museums and other heritage attractions. Model The research took a quantitative direction where observations were made and primary data on the National Gallery of Victoria collected. The observation involved visiting the Gallery and recording important information on the pieces in store, the activities taking place and the visitors. In addition, secondary data from magazine and journal articles, books and other recorded information on the gallery were also relied on for more information. The information gathered was compiled for the research. Research Questions This research aims to answer two main questions; 1. How does the Nation Gallery of Victoria enhance the study of historical Australian art? 2. How does the museum contribute to the appreciation of both indigenous and international artwork? Hypothesis In view of the above research aims and questions, the aims of this research were to prove the two research purposes outlined. The two hypotheses are outlined as follows: Null Hypotheses; The National Gallery of Victoria inhibits the study of aboriginal art The museum does not contribute to the appreciation of artwork Alternative Hypotheses; The Gallery enhance the study of aboriginal art The gallery contributes to the appreciation of art and cultural tourism. Artwork in the National Gallery of Victoria The NGV is a great source of information on artwork and art pieces drawn from historical and modern eras. The arts student, teacher and curious fanatic can access all sorts of varied and diverse artwork from the gallery. The national gallery of Victoria has a collection of varied artwork ranging from Australian, European to Asian art for diverse periods. International art pieces are held in the original museum while the Australian artwork was moved to the Ian Potter Art Center. NGV’s Australian collection consists of Indigenous art, impressionist painting, and paintings from the colonial period and contemporary art collections since the beginning of the twentieth century. The NGV boasts over 65,000 pieces of art ranging from many centuries ago. Some of the art pieces in NGV’s collection can be found online (about 18540 artworks). Interested art enthusiast can search the internet for artwork and collections rather than visit the museum in person. Australian artwork in ex hibition at the gallery includes paintings, drawings and multimedia. There are also pieces on Australian photography, sculptures and decorative arts. The museum is therefore a great source of information on not only modern Australian art but also ancient art. For the international arts enthusiast the NGV displays a large number of international art pieces. It is a one-stop center for all stakeholders’ art needs. The museum hosts a large collection of European art including photography, fashion items, drawing and prints, Mesoamerican art, Asian art and sculptures and antiquities drawn from all over the world. Its collections vary across Greek, European and Egyptian classics. The international collection in NGV is touted as one of the largest and most extensive in Australia. One of the highlights of the NGV’s international collection is its acquisition of an ancient painting by an Italian painter known as Corregio. Corregio was one of the most prominent personalities during the Italian Renaissance. His painting â€Å"Madonna and child† was purchased by NGV for its 150th birthday and is the most expensive single artifact ever acquired by NGV. From its rich collection and increasing improvement of its art pieces, the NGV has largely contributed to the development of artwork in Australia. Cultural Tourism in Australia Many cultural tourists in Australia visit the country to explore its rich and diverse aboriginal art and culture. Aboriginal art is indigenous Australian art made and created by Australians and affiliated people. Scholars show differing opinion on the comprehensive definition of cultural tourism. According to Hossain, Heaney and Carter (2005), cultural tourism is a kind of tourism where people visiting participate in one or two cultural events such as visiting heritage buildings and art galleries. Dallen Timothy (2011) divides cultural tourism into two; physical and abstract tourism. He says that physical cultural tourism encompasses objects such as artwork, paintings and heritages sites while abstract encompasses things such as music and language. Douglas et al. (2001) give a more comprehensive definition of cultural tourism. He explains that cultural tourism involves various aspects of culture such as learning about culture and participating in culture. Aboriginal art has rich cult ural, religious and mysterious meanings. Paintings and rock art show a great mastery of art and reveal significant cultural information on native Australian people. Aboriginal art gas a deeper meaning vested in ancient native customs, myths and beliefs (Finley 2008). Aboriginal art has been the focus of Australia’s tourism sector for many years. Visitors from within Australia and abroad have generated an interest in the cultural history of aboriginal Australia. Australia boasts of a huge and diverse cultural heritage with the interest in art increasing over the years. According to Foo and Rossetto (1998), cultural tourism all over the world has been increasing at a high rate in the past several decades. Australia itself has registered an increased number of people coming to visit its cultural heritage sites such as NGV to enjoy the variety of artwork. Tourists visit cultural sites to learn more and understand the culture of the Australian people. According to Carol Finley (20 08), aboriginal art is an interesting way to learn about the lifestyle of the Australian people. The number of international cultural tourist to Australia has increased over the years with their participation in cultural events also increasing (Hossain, Heaney and Carter 2005). Cultural tourism is thus an integral part of the country’s tourism sector attracting a large number of tourists every year. According to the Australian council for the Arts (2013), about fifty percent of all the tourists that visit Australia every year are cultural tourists. There is no dispute as to the appealing nature of aboriginal art as can be confirmed from this information. Aboriginal art has been influential in enhancing tourism with tourists attracted to a different cultural heritage site every time. Motivations for Tourists in Cultural Tourism There has been an influx of tourists into Australia in recent years. The number of domestic as well as international tourists has spiraled with statistics showing a rising trend in visitors in the tourism sector (Hossain, Heaney and Carter 2005). Several factors have been proposed to explain why there has been an increased trend in cultural tourism in Australia. A tourism survey conducted by Tourism Research Australia showed that majority of cultural tourists visit heritage and historical sites (61%) followed by museums and art galleries (57%). Among all these visitors, museums were cited as the most popular sites (â€Å"Australian Council of Arts 2013). These statistics reveal a certain preference of cultural heritage and cultural art by both foreign and domestic tourists. Douglas et al. (2001) outline several factors that act as a motivation for cultural tourists. Among the factors they cite includes a change in the preferences of tourists. According to their book, tourists are g etting used to the complex non-cultural tourism and area seeking simple and less packaged kinds of tourism (p.119). Cultural tourism provides this simple type of tourism because it provides for effective communication and interaction unlike wildlife tours. Another explanation of the increasing popularity of cultural tourism is the emergence of a different kind of tourist. Tourists have evolved and modern day tourists want experiences that are intellectually beneficial and educative (Douglas, N., Douglas, N., Derrett, R., 2001). Other kinds of tourism do not offer this kind of experience. Cultural tourism enables the tourist to interact and learn about cultural meanings and explanations. The cultural tourist therefore earns the opportunity to be more aware and culturally educated than before. Another explanation for the change in preferences is the notion that cultural tourism provides the tourist with a different kind of experience. The cultural tourist gets to enjoy new and more i nteresting tourism aspects rather than the old and relatively monotonous ones (Smith, 2009, p.33). The above factors show the increasing popularity of cultural/heritage tourism in Australia. Cultural heritage has become an influential factor in the understanding of art in the modern world. Its educative aspect as well as its popularity has made it among the best tools that can be used to understand indigenous culture. Art Promotion in the NGV The NGV has long demonstrated a desire to promote local art in Australia. The museum is dedicated to promoting knowledge and awareness about historical artwork as well as promoting new and young talent in contemporary art (â€Å"National Gallery of Victoria† 2013). The workshops and classes organized by the NGV engage the students in educative lessons and programs on the collections and exhibitions in the museum. These sessions are held every week with museum authorities providing for an activity for kids, interactive and educative talks, a performance or film and an interesting practical workshop. The art gallery also provides programs for schools and classes for little children. The emphasis on education by the NGV authorities can also be seen in their recent construction of a gallery for training on artistic work (Boland, 2013). In this room, adults and children converge to practice their painting and drawing skills. The authorities have also emphasized on increased interac tion and engagement between museum staff and visitors. Staffs are required to be knowledgeable about artwork and to carry out their duties diligently. Tourists and gallery visitors can therefore be assured of an educative experience. Conclusion The National Gallery of Victoria is a museum facility rich in cultural and artistic pieces of art. The museum has been instrumental in the promotion of arts education among art, culture lovers and tourists. Through its wide array of cultural and indigenous Australian art, the museum attracts a large number of tourists and locals every year. Its concentric structure accentuates its purpose as a cultural and heritage museum hence the large number of tourists. The museum contributes to tourist education and contemporary art development through a myriad of programs aimed at developing talent and art. The museums extensive display of aboriginal art also plays an important role in attracting art lovers who prefer cultural tourism because of its educative nature and intellectualism. The museum is thus an important source of visitor and tourist education on art issues as well as indigenous and contemporary cultural art. Bibliography Acker, T, 2008, ‘Aboriginal Art: It’s a Complicated Thing’, Artlink, 28 (3), Viewed 25 April 2013, Acker writes about the mystery and message of aboriginal art and its appeal to those who are curious. This article helps in clearly understanding the aspects of aboriginal art hitherto unexplored and reveals vital information on why the art is increasingly becoming popular. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 25 August 2006, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Involvement in Arts and Culture, viewed 25 April 2013. This document contains statistical records from the ABS about the number of tourists and visitors that visited Australian attractions. It also characterizes the tourists by the attractions they visited and their popular sites. This document helps in understanding the current trend towards cultural/heritage sites by the number of tourists. Australian Council for the Arts, 2013, Cultural Tourism, Viewed 25 April 2013, This is a summary report by the Australian council on the number of tourists that visited Australian art and culture centers courtesy of a study by Tourism Research Australia. The report provides a simple and concise analysis of art and culture tourism from a statistical perspective. Boland, M, 16 January 2013 â€Å"National Gallery of Victoria Rolls out the Welcome Mat†, Arts, viewed 25 April 2013, Boland outlines the recent changes occurring in the National Gallery of Victoria and their possible impact on cultural tourism. The article gives the audience a glimpse of the efforts by the gallery to improve their tourist facilities as well as boost their service delivery. Corsane, G, 2005, Heritage, museums and galleries: an introductory reader. London, Routledge. This book reviews the importance of cultural attractions, their characteristics and the reasons why they attract many visitors. It also outlines the possible improvements to these attractions. This book is important in studying cultural tourism. It provides a general overview of the basic aspects of heritage sites and galleries important for this study. Douglas, N, Douglas, N., Derrett, R., 2001, Special interest tourism: context and cases. Brisbane, John Wiley Sons Australia. Douglas et al. provide specific examples of heritage sites and the challenges they face. Their book is important in comparison and in examining the intricate details of cultural tourism from a realistic perspective. It provides this research with an array of information on cultural sites. Finley, C., 2008, Aboriginal art of Australia: exploring cultural traditions, London, Lerner. Finley looks at the aboriginal art of Australia and examines the details about the art and the interesting factors in the culture. His book contains a lot of information on aboriginal art that has been incorporated into this study. Foo, L. M. and Rossetto A, 1998, Cultural tourism in Australia characteristics and motivations, Canberra, Bureau of Tourism Research. Rossetto and Foo examine cultural tourism especially the trends and information about Australia. Considering this research’s focus on cultural tourism, the book enables a clear understanding of this concept and provides vital information on heritage attractions. Gartner, W C, Lime, D W, 2000, Trends in outdoor recreation, leisure, and tourism, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, CABI Pub. Gartner and Lime identify the changing trends in tourism and leisure attractions. This book is important for this study as it analyzes the growing popularity of cultural heritage sites in recent times and provides reasons for that trend. Hossain, A, Carter, P, Heaney, L, 2005, Cultural tourism in regions of Australia, Canberra, Bureau of Tourism Research. Hossain, Carter and Heaney carry out a study on cultural tourism in Australia. Their study identifies several emerging aspects of tourism and reveals the tendency of tourists and locals to cultural attractions. Their study provides additional information on the status of cultural tourism in Australia. Ivanovic, M, 2008, Cultural tourism, Cape Town, South Africa, Juta. This book focuses on cultural tourism. The trends, the positives and the negatives. It provides different perspectives of cultural tourism and a host of other information drawn from all over the world. Kay, P, â€Å"Determinants of Cultural Event Tourist Motivation†, Victoria University, 2007. This paper analyzes the factors that motivate tourist into visiting cultural attractions. It provides insight into some of the factors that have motivated the influx of both domestic and foreign tourists to local heritage sites. Melbourne, n.d., National Gallery of Victoria, Viewed 25 April 2013, This website provides information on Melbourne and its heritage sites as well as other locations. It provides a lot of important information on the National Gallery of Victoria and its surroundings. National Gallery Of Victoria, Ryan, J., 2002, Indigenous Australian art in the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria. This publication focuses on the kinds of aboriginal art present in the NGV; it helped this research in validating the real existence of aboriginal art in the NGV. It provided important information on NGV’s indigenous art collections. National Gallery of Victoria, 2013, People Projects, Viewed 25 April 2013, NGV’s website contains a lot of information on its management structure and collaborators as well as funding. This webpage provided information on the management structure as used in this research. Richards, G, Munsters, W, (2010). Cultural tourism research methods. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K., CAB International. This book though primarily based on research methods contains some valuable information on cultural tourism. Its information on the factors motivating cultural tourism was important for this research, Richards, G, 2007, Cultural tourism: global and local perspectives, New York, Haworth Hospitality Press. Richards explores the issue of cultural tourism from the American and international perspective. He focuses on the growth of this kind of tourism especially in particular parts of Europe such as Australia. The information on Australia was a valuable addition to the ones available. Timothy, D, J, 2011, Cultural heritage and tourism: an introduction, Bristol, Channel View Publications. Timothy examines cultural tourism issues, various aspects and practices. The information contained in this book was of vital importance especially in the analyses of the NGV’s cultural art promotion.

The 37 Cheapest Colleges in the US

The 37 Cheapest Colleges in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Because wages seem to be remaining stagnant and college costs continue to soar, financial concerns are weighing more heavily on families when students make their college decisions. Additionally, student loan debt is increasing and young people are worried about being saddled with astronomical debt when they graduate. In this article, I'm going to provide you with the list of the 37 cheapest colleges in the United States.I’ll also explain the costs of various colleges and discuss how finances should influence your college selection process. Average College Costs In its most recent survey of college pricing, the College Board reports that a "moderate" college budget for an in-state public college for the 2014–2015 academic year averaged $23,410. A moderate budget at a private college averaged $46,272. Total cost combines the following: Tuition and Fees Many colleges report a combined tuition and fees figure. Colleges often charge mandatory fees for services like the library, transportation, athletic facilities, and student activities. The average cost of tuition and fees for the 2014–2015 school year was $31,231 at private colleges, $9,139 for state residents at public colleges, and $22,958 for out-of-state residents attending public universities. Housing and Meals The average cost of room and board in 2014–2015 ranged from $9,804 at four-year public schools to $11,188 at private schools. However, the cost of "room and board" varies depending on the campus housing and food plan you choose. Colleges also provide room and board estimates for living off campus based on typical student costs. Books and School Supplies Most colleges estimate the average costs for required learning materials. Some colleges even include the cost of a computer and computer accessories. The average cost for books and supplies for the 2014–2015 school year was $1,146 at public colleges and $1,244 at private colleges. Personal and Transportation Expenses Colleges may estimate some expenses they don't bill you for. These include local transportation, clothing, personal items and entertainment. Expenses in this category for 2014–2015 ran from $2,609 at private colleges to $3,242 at public universities. What Do Cheap Colleges Cost and Why Do They Cost Less? The average annual cost of colleges on this list is $6,077. Most are so much cheaper in part because they're public institutions subsidized by state and city governments. However, there are a couple of private colleges on the list that have made it part of their missions to offer low-cost education. For example, Berea College in Kentucky is tuition-free. All students at Berea enter into a labor program to finance their education. How to Use This List If cost is an important factor in your college decision, you can use this list to identify possible colleges of interest. Research them to see if they fit your other criteria for what you're looking for in a college. Also, you'll get a better idea of the price range of the cheapest colleges in the United States. The 37 Cheapest Colleges in the United States The schools are ranked by net price. These net prices, which come from College Navigator (a component of the National Center for Education Statistics), are generated by subtracting the average amount of federal, state/local government, or institutional grant or scholarship aid from the total cost of attendance. Total cost of attendance is the sum of published tuition and required fees (lower of in-district or in-state), books and supplies, and the weighted average for room and board and other expenses The list gives you a general expectation of the total annual cost of attendance. Also, this list excludes community colleges, graduate schools, and specialty schools that would only appeal to a small subset of applicants. Additionally, schools that don't admit first-time undergrads were excluded. Remember that most of these schools are public and the listed price is for in-state residents. #1: Elizabeth City State University (Elizabeth City, NC) $1,993/yr #2:Berea College (Berea, KY) $2,323/yr #3: University of Texas – Pan American (Edinburg, TX) $2,485 #4: California State University – Dominguez Hills (Carson, CA) $2,791 #5: California State University – Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA) $4,756 #6: Lehman College City University of New York (Bronx, NY) $4,790 #7: City College of New York (New York, NY) $5,820 #8:Fayetteville State University (Fayetteville, NC) $5,914 #9: Dalton State College (Dalton, GA) $5,914 #10: University of Texas – El Paso (El Paso, TX) $6,089 #11:Amridge University (Montgomery, AL) $6,122 #12:CUNY New York City College of Technology (Brooklyn, NY) $6,157 #13:Langston University (Langston, OK) $6,193 #14: Queens College of the City University of New York (Flushing, NY) $6,200 #15: California State University – Fresno (Fresno, CA) $6,228 #16: University of Arkansas – Fort Smith (Fort Smith, AR) $6,351 #17: Northeastern State University (Tahlequah, OK) $6,418 #18: California State University – San Bernardino (San Bernardino, CA) $6,571 #19: Brooklyn College (Brooklyn, NY) $6,637 #20:Daytona State College (Daytona Beach, FL) $6,811 #21: California State University – Fullerton (Fullerton, CA) $6,885 #22: Northwestern Oklahoma State University (Alva, OK) $6,989 #23: Louisiana State University – Shreveport (Shreveport, LA) $7,042 #24: College of Staten Island (Staten Island, NY) $7,117 #25: University of Louisiana – Monroe (Monroe, LA) $7,162 #26: California State University – Stanislaus (Turlock, CA) $7,190 #27: University of Alaska – Anchorage (Anchorage, AK) $7,276 #28: East Central University (Ada, OK) $7,364 #29: University of Texas – Brownsville (Brownsville, TX) $7,438 #30: Hunter College of the City University of New York (New York, NY) $7,518 #31: University of Tennessee at Martin (Martin, TN) $7,531 #32: South Arkansas University (Magnolia, AR) $7,604 #33: North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (Greensboro, NC) $7,613 #34: Saint Petersburg College (St. Petersburg, FL) $7,695 #35: State University of New York College at Old Westbury (West Bury, NY) $7,737 #36: Southeastern Oklahoma State University (Durant, OK) $7,811 #37: University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma (Chickasha, OK) $7,910 When Should Cost Be a Consideration in Your College Choice? Ideally, you shouldn’t have to consider cost when considering a college, and college would be affordable for everyone. Unfortunately, cost can be a significant factor. When applying, apply to at least one or two more â€Å"affordable† safety school options if cost is a concern for you and your family. Keep in mind that you don’t know how much you’re going to have to pay to attend a certain school before you apply. Don’t let the sticker price prevent you from applying. Most financial aid and scholarships are awarded after you’re accepted but before you commit to a college. Furthermore, many of the most selective colleges claim to meet 100% of a student’s financial need through a combination of school, state, and federal aid. Your Expected Family Contribution, or EFC, is determined from your FAFSA, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. After you're accepted to a school, you'll receive your financial aid package. At that point, you can determine out-of-pocket expenses and how much you would have to take out in loans. Then, it's wise to consider finances in your decision. Weigh the financial burden of attending with the quality of education, how much you want to attend, and the expected financial return of attending a certain school. Compare your options. It's up to you to determine how much debt is "worth it." Keep in mind that success after college is more dependent on you than on the college you attend. You can attain all of your professional goals regardless of where you go to school. However, it is undeniable that attending a better college that may be more expensive can offer you certain advantages and privileges while you're in college and beyond. More Affordable College Options Other than the schools on the list, here are some tips if you're looking for more affordable college options. Generally, public schools are cheaper, especially for in-state residents. Remember that the sticker price of public schools is cheaper, but some private schools give generous financial aid; therefore, it's possible that a private college could be the cheaper option for you after you get your financial aid packages. Also, there are tuition-free colleges. Many tuition-free colleges are intended for low-income students and some have a work requirement. What's Next? If you're a low-income student, you'll want to read this article about the Pell Grant to help you pay for college. If you think you may need to take out a loan to help pay for college, check out this post on how to get a student loan. Finally, for more information about the price of a college education, learn more about how much college costs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

HIV - Essay Example HIV/AIDS has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic or deadly disease throughout the world. Some countries has implemented strict compliance to their basic health policies and even directed medical officers to prepare a strategic plan to combat the spread of such disease. Remarkable deaths have been recorded upon the immergence of this contagious and international illness. This is said to be transmitted by engaging into unprotected sex, sharing of needles and by vertical transmission (Cichocki). The lentivirus named as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the root cause of this malady. The usual symptoms of AIDS are rapid weight loss, weak mental and emotional state, breathing trouble and skin rashes (Cichocki). Globally, almost fifty million people are living with HIV/AIDS and majority of those infected are located in Sub-Saharan Africa (Czuchna and Lang G57). The lack of proper hygiene and effective prevention by the government are cited as the main reasons for the widespread of this virus in the said region. Accordingly, the poor economic state of the country is seen to worsen this problem as well as the unavailability of treatment centers and hospitals. Unluckily, despite the initiative of the World Health Organization for an immediate aid, the country is still in great peril. This is because the help extended is not objectively made for a long term effect but only for prevention purpose. Furthermore, the African culture is also observed as a contributory factor of the continuous increase of HIV/AIDS victim annually. Africans tend to value the importance of sharing something to others especially with their family members. This is because of their limited recourses and lack of formal liv elihood and education. As a consequence, more and more African members are inclined to be immersed with the sick

Team Roles and Team Formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Team Roles and Team Formation - Essay Example Some of them are indeed positive while others are negative. The medley of thoughts includes the joy of working together and the fulfillment of a goal achieved and the conflicts, the time consuming discussions and the communication barriers. From the first appearance of man on earth, mankind was working in teams. Through out their lives humankind is in one or other teams. There are football teams, firefighting teams, singing teams, card clubs and political parties. Moreover, we are all born in a family, which is also an example of a team. A team may be called a group people who are dependent on one another to reach a common goal. Now a team should function efficiently to achieve the goal for it has a purpose for its existence. However, research in this field of human behavior is lamentable inadequate: Discouragingly, but not unexpectedly, the research effort seems weakest in those situations where the risks are highest and the tasks are most complex (Schein and Bennis 1965) There are lot of advantages and disadvantages in working in a team. However, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and by careful use of educational tools, the disadvantages can be mitigated. The most important advantage of teamwork is better outcome from efforts. Teams have shown better adaptability to the changing needs of the market place. They are also more sensitive to the needs of the clients and are better in using changing technology. The teams can give better imputes and there is always a relation between the input and the outcome. In team work there is more involvement of every one and hence more desire to get the job done. Moreover, teamwork enhances the circle of communication and the usual communication hurdles in inter- personal communication is got over in teamwork. The shared information also enhances the opportunity to learn more and the chance to bring together different perspective due to difference between people. Teamwork also derives more satisfaction as pe rsons, as a major portion of our time is spent at our work and our work place might offer the chance to enter into enduring friendship. Working in a team should be like going for ones favorite game. The main disadvantage of teamwork is that it is time consuming. This is all the more so when the team is in being set up, which can lead to too many meetings. It is difficult to time meetings to suit the convenience of all and decision-making can be painfully slow. If the group is made up of individuals who are capable of performing alone, it will require lot of reorientation in their thinking to make themselves suitable for performing in a group. In a group, individuals may skulk work thinking their lack of contribution will not be noticed. In teamwork personality, disorders may surface resulting in conflicts, which can aggravate in resulting in lack of effective performance. Just as groups have their inherent strength, they have also their weaknesses. One of the common dangers in teamwork is formation of exclusive subgroups, which do not fall in line with the mainstream thinking and policy of the group. The greatest danger however is the phenomenon called groupthink, which can nega te innovation. Groupthink is the result of complacency about the past performance and the feeling that the groups can never go wrong. In spite of these, draw back group work has been

Make Better Decision Essay Example for Free

Make Better Decision Essay That the current era of economic uncertainty may have been ushered in through a series of poor government and corporate decisions is implied through the rear view mirror. Could some of the events that shaped todays crises have been avoided through better decision making processes? Thomas Davenport (2009, p. 117) presents examples of â€Å"decision making disorder† evident in both the public and private sectors and offers a framework to guide managers in making better decisions in the future. His premise lies in the ineffectiveness of the individual decision-making process resulting in dire consequences for the organization. Davenport provides a framework to guide managers in adopting a more analytical and systematic approach, resulting in greater effectiveness. He posits that the use of data, especially analytics embedded in automated systems can be powerful tools when balanced with informed human judgment. Davenport presents no new information entailing the decision making process. He does, however, raise the question of why the majority of organizations continue to rely on intuition and ignore proven tools and methods without regard for the evidence pointing to their effectiveness. The author warns that without proper prioritization and systematic review of the decision making process, success remains a gamble. Article Highlights According to Davenport (2009), allowing individual managers to make decisions without a systematic analysis has severe consequences that result in languishing profit margins. In spite of the resources available, most organizations fail to implement the recommendations that would help managers employ better decision making processes. The author notes that while these processes do not guarantee better outcomes, they certainly increase the potential (p. 118). Davenport (2009) outlines a four-step process to improve managerial decisions, the components of which are identification, inventory, intervention and institutionalization. He suggests mangers begin by prioritizing the top decisions required to achieve a goal. He states: â€Å"without some prioritization all decisions are treated as equal, which probably means that the important ones won’t be analyzed with sufficient care† (p. 118). He goes on to stress the importance of identifying key decisions in in order to examine all variables through an inventory process to determine effectiveness and lay the groundwork for organizational communication. Subsequent to identification and taking inventory, considering all parameters of the decision, the appropriate intervention should rise to the surface. The final step is the institutionalization of the decision making process, for which Davenport (2009, p. 119) recommends hiring â€Å"decision experts† in guiding managers through the process. Davenport (2009, p. 119-122) cites two examples of organizations who improved the decision making process: Educational Testing Service (ETS) and The Stanley Works. Meeting with great success, ETS has expanded the new processes to evaluate and prioritize all product changes as well as apply the methodology to handle new prospects. A center of excellence was developed at The Stanley Works that created an analytical tool for sales data and new potential sales opportunities. According to the author, due to automated decision processes created by the center of excellence, the company realized a 6% growth in gross margin. Although highly in favor of analytical tools, Davenport (2009) warns of reliance solely on automation, and cautions managers to use their expert human insight to monitor how well analytical tools are working. The decision making process should always be a human endeavor with analytics only a part of the overall toolbox. Significance of the article Davenport (2009) raises a universal concern encompassing the impact of poorly thought out organizational as well as individual decisions. The decisions of today are the realities of tomorrow, and in spite of the myriad of excellent resources available, â€Å"few organizations have reengineered their decisions† (p. 117). The author presents an excellent argument for the necessity of a systematic decision making process as well as the use of analytical tools to provide reliable information in order to make sound decisions. Corporate CEO’s exist that agree with the concepts and actively ngage in systematic decision-making processes. Donna Thompson, CEO of Access Community Health Network in the Chicago area is one example. She shares her ritual of going through the same decision-making process before taking any action, and offers â€Å"good decision making isn’t as much about having all the right answers as is using a process to ask all the right questions† (Reed-Woodard, M. A. 2006p. 164). Gully, Stainer and Stainer (2006), in their study on moral decisions within organizations, have also found a systematic process to yield the best decisions. The authors describe an organized â€Å"balance sheet† designed to prevent disordered thinking as a model of cooperative business behavior. Their findings include the need for systematic decision-making and state â€Å"the moral decision making maze needs ordered steps of asking questions and providing answers that can readily be applied to solving problems and dilemmas in business† (p. 194). Davenport’s (2009) article continues with accolades for analytical tools within automated systems as long as managers thoroughly understand the models. Jim Ciampaglio CEO of NeoSpire exuberantly claims the success of an analytical sales tool used to manage leads and store sales information and states this tool â€Å"helped us change who we are as a sales organization† (McKay, L. 2010). Executive decisions lay the foundation for business strategy: poorly thought out decisions lead to less than optimal results and systematic decision making takes the emotionality out and puts the issue in an objective framework, leading to better outcomes. Organizations integrating this type of framework reduce the risk of moving ahead with a faulty plan. Davenport (2009) states while managers are buying and most likely reading resource material providing the basis for better decision making, few actually adopt the recommendations (p. 118). Conjecture rather than interviews with key decision makers is offered to support this particular viewpoint with the implication that this may be due to the failure to connect bad outcomes to faulty decision making Conclusion Davenport (2009) does an excellent job of tying the process of decision-making to an organization’s ultimate failure or success. His thought provoking discussion as to what exactly transpires during the individual decision making process and why organizations need to gain some control over this process makes intuitive sense. The success of the author’s suggested framework for making decisions is well supported by the organizations cited in his work, with confirmations easily found in other studies such as Gully et al (2006). Further research is recommended examining the decision making processes generally employed by organizations before conclusions that support Davenport’s (2009) negative assumptions can be drawn. The author does not support his claim that only a few companies employ a systematic process and is biased in his perception of the† poor calls made in both the public and private sectors† in recent years. Overall, Making Better Decisions provides food for thought and raises the question that if Davenport’s (2009) assumptions are in fact correct, why is it that corporations continue to allow managers to use more intuition than systematic processes to arrive at decisions that impact the organization’s bottom line?

St. Gregory Of Tours :: essays research papers

Saint Gregory of Tours was born around the year 538 at Arverni, which is now Clermont-Ferrand. He belonged to the Gallo-Roman family, which was a very prestigious family. He was also related to the houses of Gaul. Gregory’s original name was Georgius Florentius. He took the name Gregory to honor his late grandfather who was named Gregory. His Grandfather was the Bishop of Langres. When Gregory was young, his father died and he went to live with his Uncle. His uncle, Gallus, was the Bishop of Clermont. Gallus educated him until his death in 554. Gregory’s mother left to live with friends in Burgandy and left her son to Avitus who became Bishop of Clermont after Gallus. Avitus taught Gregory all about the Scriptures. Gregory was not too impressed with the scriptures. Gregory got seriously ill and wasn’t supposed to recover. He did recover though and this made him more mindful of God and the scriptures. Gregory then became a friend with the Bishop of Tours whose nam e was Euphronius. Euphronius died in 573 and Gregory succeeded him as Bishop of Tours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this time in Tours, there was great political and social chaos. The relationships with the Bishops and the Kings and Masters was not good. The Kings abused their powers and this caused civil wars. Gregory wrote that these conflicts were more hurtful to the church than the persecution from Diocletian. Eventually the unrest and Tours stopped and peace was at hand. The Masters of Tours were constantly changing until Guntram who was the King of Burgandy took over the rule of Tours. Guntram and Gregory were friends and the role of bishop was given more authority and respect. Guntram signed the Treaty of Andelot in the year 587. This treaty gave the rule of Tours to Childebert II. Childebert honored Gregory and let him go on many missions. During this time, Gregory played an important role in the building of new churches and restoring the cathedral in Tours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gregory was also known for being a great historian. He wrote about the miracles of St. Martin (St. Martin’s tomb is in Tours) and the history of the Frankish Empire. The history of the Frank was entitled Historia Francorum, It had ten books and started with creation and ended in the year 591.

Power Influence Approach

Power-influence leadership assumes the cause and effect relationship between leaders and followers only flows trom anagement to subordinate (Yuki, 2010, p. 4). For example, a manager Instructs his employee to pay an invoice, and the employee does as told. or employees attend an ethics seminar because the executives mandate it. Exercising power-influence can ensure adherence to internal policies like safety, dress codes, and hours of employment. It can also ensure adherence to federal laws like the provisions In the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The power-influence leadership approach enables a leader to influence the behaviors and attitudes of followers (Yuki, 2010, p. ). It is effective in managing and accomplishing tasks as a leader gives instructions that other follow. Powerlnfluence can sway people's thoughts and opinions, which can be beneficial In terms of innovative ideas and more efficient methods of operations. It is especially effective for those who resist change even if it will lea d to progress. The power- influence method of leadership has its drawbacks as well. Some individuals use ‘Of2 Torce ana Intlmlaatlon to accompllsn certaln oDJectlves.I ney may use tnelr tltle or osition to pressure others to comply, and even though employees may obey at first, such coercion eventually leads to resistance and the undermining of authority (Alyn, 2009). For example, a manager may tell a direct report that if he does not complete a given stack of work, his quarterly review will reflect it. This is a drastic example of the negative effect of power-influence, but it does well to demonstrate how a manager can use coercion as a source of â€Å"motivation. Using power to accomplish activities in an organization is a common practice among managers and executives. In fact, prior to 2011, management at Jack in the Box, Inc. depended on the power-influence approach to complete objectives. The organization believed employees required specific instruction, so management inf luenced subordinates and coworkers through the use of power. It is important to note that few individuals abused this power, but as the nature of the business changed, so did its leadership approach.In 2011, the executives of Jack in the Box worked to change the company's culture from one of power to one that focused on individual roles, achievements, and support. Management encouraged employees to share ideas, to question and challenge methods of operation, and to take initiative and responsibility for one's work. The â€Å"you do what I say' mentality was not the attitude the executives wanted management to express or employees to feel. Instead, the company wanted to nurture leaders to make the organization stronger and more cohesive.Power and one-directional instruction from management to subordinates prevented innovative opportunities and fresher ways of thinking, which ultimately inhibited the company's ossibilities. The new culture placed management and direct reports on more level ground, and the open communication instilled trust and a sense of unity among employees of all levels. The power-influence approach in studying leadership examines the role that power plays in influencing others' actions, attitudes, and beliefs. Its use can have both positive and negative effects in the workplace, depending on the leader's intentions. Power is viewed as important not only for influencing subordinates, but also for influencing peers, superiors, and people utside the organization, such as clients and suppliers† (Yuki, 2010, p. 14). It is important for leaders to remember that others look to them for instruction, inspiration, and direction. With such power come certain responsibilities and expectations not to abuse it.

Free-Speech on College Campuses Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis Statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The prohibition of hate-speech or any speech which constitutes a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students on college campuses is a good and necessary policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Summary of Opinions:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of free-speech on college campuses poses a complex debate. Key factors of the controversy include: the rights to personal safety and free expression, as well as factors of racial and gender tolerance. The volatile nature of the issue ensures adjudication at the highest levels and also a far-reaching historical set of precedents, none of which has successfully â€Å"answered† the issues of free-speech and civic welfare. It seems prudent that the US Constitution should provide the framework by which all policies of free-speech are reckoned. â€Å"The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states, in part, that â€Å"Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech.† This freedom is deemed a fundamental right, because it assures individual self-fulfillment or autonomy,† (Zingo 17) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zingo discusses how the 1st amendment serves many interests: â€Å"it is a means of advancing knowledge and searching for truth;   it gives all members of society an opportunity to participate in the political process of self-governance;   and it provides a safety valve for society[†¦] because suppression of discussion is injurious to society.† (Zingo) With that in mind, it is also useful to peruse counter-arguments which posit a more modernist interpretation of the First Amendment. â€Å"Media-law experts attempt to impose the eighteenth-century ideals of freedom of speech and press on the modern world as if no changes have taken place. Today, First Amendment doctrine assumes that governmental censorship still poses a greater and more real threat to our rational self-governing ideal than self-gratification,† (Collins, and Skover 25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     However, the Constitutional and judicial basis for restrictions on free speech stands far aside from this contention: â€Å"the Supreme Court ruled on a case challenging speech regulation[†¦] question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree,† (Zingo 18). Questions and Rhetorical Strategies Key questions: 1) What constitutes â€Å"clear and present danger?† 2) What are methods for enforcing legislation. 3) How have prior Supreme Court first amendment cases been decided? 4) How to define a hate-crime. Rhetorical strategies:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To convince that racism, sexism, and hate-crimes constitute a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students on college campuses will require evidence and citation from legal opinions and legal precedent. The â€Å"hate-crime† according to preliminary research seems to be a well-established fact, backed by substantive evidence and scientific study. â€Å"Despite the tremendous strides resulting from civil rights legislation, racism remains one of the most pressing social problems in the US[†¦] Hate crimes have been prominent on university campuses for the last two decades but vary widely in their targets and severity.† (Marcus et al.) Whether or not a college chooses to restrict the freedom of speech based on the Constitutional premise of â€Å"clear and present danger† there is a question as to whether or not prohibition of   discriminatory speech, alone, will curtail racist and discriminatory practices. â€Å"In recent years, attempts to curtail racially discriminatory activities have focused largely on speech codes to limit inflammatory presentations (Altman, 1993) but these attempts have not been well received.† (Marcus et al.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Audience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that prohibition of hate-speech or any speech which constitutes a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students is an important issue for all citizens, but especially to those who may be impacted directly by hate-crimes. Most minority students wqill probably be sympathetic to my thesis while â€Å"conservatives† will see it as an infringement of civil rights. Ironically, liberals may also view it this way, or even more ironically they may not view it this way and in so doing, they will have become sympathetic to a restraining of free-speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Collins, Ronald K. L., and David M. Skover. The Death of Discourse. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. Marcus, Ann, et al. â€Å"Perceptions of Racism on Campus.† College Student Journal 37.4 (2003): 611+. Zingo, Martha T. Sex/Gender Outsiders, Hate Speech, and Freedom of Expression: Can They   Ã‚   Say That about Me?. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998. Jacobs, James B., and Kimberly Potter. Hate Crimes Criminal Law & Identity Politics. Oxford:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oxford University Press, 2001.

Universal Health Care

Universal Health Care Universal Health Care PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 7Universal Health CareTraci LedfordHHS 235University of Phoenix, Axia CollegeKevin HayesJuly 26, 2008Universal Health CareIntroduced to the House of Representative on February 8, 2005, House Resolution 676 (H.R. 676) is a bill proposed to provide coverage for all the residents of the United States. The full text of this bill is available from the Library of Congress. (H.R. 676). The title of this Act is the "United States National Health Insurance Act" (USNHI), or the "Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act" (. (H.R.676).The outline of this bill is in five titles with subsections. The titles are Title I: Eligibility and Benefits, Title II: Finances, with subtitles A: Budgeting and Payments and B: Funding, Title III: Administration, Title IV: Additional Provisions and Title V: Effective Date. Each of these ttiles is broken down into secitons.English: health care provider in Sierakà ³wThe most informative sections fall under Title I: Eligi bility and Benefits.All residents of the United States are eligible for coverage under this proposed health care plan. In order to receive the benefits of the health care program, families and individuals should register by filling out an application with a health care provider. All residents are eligible for health care coverage, but everyone must fill out an application to receive a benefits card with a personalized health care number on it. (H.R. 676).The benefits covered in this proposed bill are primary care, preventive care, inpatient and outpatient care, emergency care, prescriptions and mecical equipment, long-term care including mental health care and substance abuse treatment, chiropractic services and dental and vision services, excluding cosmetic services. (H.R. 676). These benefits should be availbable through any licensed health care provider with no deductibles, co-payments, or other cost sharing plans. (H.R. 676).

George Carruthers and the Spectrograph

George Carruthers and the Spectrograph George Carruthers has gained international recognition for his work which focuses on ultraviolet observations of the earths upper atmosphere and of astronomical phenomena. Ultraviolet light is the electromagnetic radiation between visible light and x-rays. George Carruthers first major contribution to science was to lead the team that invented the far ultraviolet camera spectrograph. What Is a Spectrograph? Spectrographs are images which use a prism (or a diffraction grating) to show the spectrum of light produced by an element or elements. George Carruthers found the proof of molecular hydrogen in interstellar space by using a spectrograph. He developed the first moon-based space observatory, an ultraviolet camera (see photo) that was carried to the moon by Apollo 16 astronauts in 1972*. The camera was positioned on the moons surface and allowed researchers to examine the Earths atmosphere for concentrations of pollutants. Dr. George Carruthers received a patent for his invention the Image Converter for Detecting Electromagnetic Radiation especially in Short Wave Lengths on November 11, 1969 George Carruthers Work With NASA He has been the principal investigator for numerous NASA and DoD sponsored space instruments including a 1986 rocket instrument that obtained an ultraviolet image of Comet Halley. His most recent on the Air Force ARGOS mission captured an image of a Leonid shower meteor entering the earths atmosphere, the first time a meteor has been imaged in the far ultraviolet from a space-borne camera. George Carruthers Biography George Carruthers was born in Cincinnati Ohio on October 1, 1939, and grew up in South Side, Chicago. At the age of ten, he built a telescope, however, he did not do well in school studying math and physics but still went on to win three science fair awards. Dr. Carruthers graduated from Englewood High School in Chicago. He attended the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, where he received a bachelor of science degree in aeronautical engineering in 1961. Dr. Carruthers also obtained his graduate education at the University of Illinois, completing a masters degree in nuclear engineering in 1962 and a doctorate in aeronautical and astronautical engineering in 1964. Black Engineer of the Year In 1993, Dr. Carruthers was one of the first 100 recipients of the Black Engineer of the Year award honored by US Black Engineer He has also worked with NRLs Community Outreach Program and several outside education and community outreach organizations in support of educational activities in science at Ballou High School and other DC area schools. *Description of Photos This experiment constituted the first planetary-based astronomy observatory and consisted of a tripod-mounted, 3-in electronographic Schmidt camera with a cesium iodide cathode and film cartridge. Spectroscopic data were provided in the 300- to 1350-A range (30-A resolution), and imagery data were provided in two passbands (1050 to 1260 A and 1200 to 1550 A). Difference techniques allowed Lyman-alpha (1216-A) radiation to be identified. The astronauts deployed the camera in the shadow of the LM and then pointed it toward objects of interest. Specific planned targets were the geocorona, the earths atmosphere, the solar wind, various nebulae, the Milky Way, galactic clusters and other galactic objects, intergalactic hydrogen, solar bow cloud, the lunar atmosphere, and lunar volcanic gasses (if any). At the end of the mission, the film was removed from the camera and returned to earth.George Carruthers principal investigator for the Lunar Surface Ultraviolet Camera, discusses the instru ment with Apollo 16 Commander John Young, right. Carruthers is employed by the Naval Research Lab in Washington, D.C. From left are Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Rocco Petrone, Apollo Program Director. This photograph was taken during an Apollo lunar surface experiments review in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building at the Kennedy Space Center.

Why the Renaissance has been called the birth of modernity Essay

Why the Renaissance has been called the birth of modernity - Essay Example Renaissance was a powerful humanistic and cultural movement, which was featured with bright and cheerful expectations from the future. It was the time when people finally believed in own powers, so they had no insurmountable obstacles to the historical ascent to freedom, happiness and justice.Thus, as the Renaissance, the Modernism got its reputation of being the age of rebirth of exploration and learning. In contrast to the eclecticism with its interest to the reliability of the playback of national and historic art individual parts Modernism tried to revive the spirit of stylistic unity of artistic organisms. It was inherent to medieval or folk art, as well as to the Renaissance art. Abandoning from attempts to "reanimate" outdated academic standards by copying the styles of the past, modernist artists came to the new principles by shaping styling features of various eras and styles art. Through the understanding of the new designs and materials and as well as through using the ric h ornamentation of natural motifs, modern art brought not only ornamental beginning but also unprecedented rhythms, especially the mobility of nervous lines and shapes, and that incorporated all kinds of art of this period.So, as you can see, the effects of the European Renaissance were felt during the Modernity, as well as it is prevalent in contemporary society, when the cyber revolution is well underway following Machiavelli’s tenet of acceptance any means for achievement of desired purpose.

Conflict Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conflict Management - Case Study Example The said colleague therefore started showing signs of resentment towards our supervisor, and continually expressed his dissatisfaction by blurting at me regarding the same whenever his output fell short of expectation. However, the management soon realized that the conflict was not only affecting the daily output from our department, but that it was slowly becoming malignant as the said worker started imputing improper motives into the minds of other workers. It therefore became imperative for the management through the supervisor and the overall coordinator to institute a resolution process in order to restore normalcy. To that effect, this paper presents an analysis of the resolution process adopted, its efficacy under the given circumstance, and the probable alternative approach that in my personal view could provide equally good or even better results. Practical conflict resolution strategies are those that amicably settle the fracas by addressing the core issues underlying the situation. Hynes (2011) notes that such a method should entail an in-depth understanding of the usually implicit, theoretical presupposition framework that is characteristic of conflicts. To this end, the resolution of the management to first explore the underlying issues behind the conflict, followed by convening an inclusive meeting to discuss the way forward proved effectual. The management set the stage towards resolution by acknowledging that the emergence of a conflict implies the existence of interdependence, hence the need to restore normalcy for the benefit of the organization. More specifically, this is also important for the success of the individuals involved, psychologically and career wise, a fact that Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus (2011) espouse as being critical to conflict resolution. During the meeting, the panel understood the necessity for